During pregnancy, women are not only responsible for their own health, but for that of their unborn children as well. The fetus depends on the mother for proper nutrition, which has a large influence on the child's health when he or she is born.

The majority of women are aware of a few rules. Alcohol should be strictly prohibited during pregnancy. Women who drink during pregnancy greatly increase the risk of birth defects to their child. These include fetal alcohol syndrome, neurodevelopment disorders, and other alcohol-related birth defects that can cause impaired growth and mental retardation. Caffeine should be avoided, as women who consume caffeine are more likely to suffer miscarriages.Multivitamin and mineral supplements are also beneficial for prenatal health. It has been shown that taking folic acid (vitamin B9) and zinc, particularly in the early weeks of pregnancy, can dramatically decrease the likelihood of neural tube defects in the baby.

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. It is essential for the development and maintenance of strong bones and teeth. Calcium also helps the heart, nerves, muscles, and other body systems work properly. Taking calcium during pregnancy can prevent a new mother from losing her own bone density as the fetus uses the mineral for bone growth. The body can only absorb calcium when vitamin D is present therefore vitamin D is also needed to build and maintain healthy bones which is important for bone health and the development of mother and fetus.

Iron requirements double in pregnancy, chiefly to keep up with the production of hemoglobin to support the energy and development of the fetus. Research suggests fish oil can prevent premature delivery when given during the third trimester of pregnancy. People taking vitamin B6 reported a significant reduction in nausea and vomiting too.